Engineering Seminar Topics and Seminar Topics

Cryptography presents various methods for taking legible, readable data, and transforming it into unreadable data for the purpose of secure transmission, and then using a key to transform it back into readable data when it reaches its destination.The study of cryptography is advancing steadily, and scientists are rapidly creating mechanisms that are more difficult to break. The most secure type of cryptography yet may be quantum cryptography, a method that has not yet been perfected, which instead of using a key, relies on the basic laws of physics, and the movement and orientation of photons to establish a connection that is absolutely secure and unbreakable

DNA computing is a form of computing which uses DNA and molecular biology, instead of the traditional silicon-based computer technologies.

This field was initially developed by Leonard Adleman of the University of Southern California. In 1994, Adleman demonstrated a proof-of-concept use of DNA as form of computation which was used to solve the seven-point Hamiltonian path problem. Since the initial Adleman experiments, advances have been made, and various Turing machines have been proven to be constructable.

There are works over one dimensional lengths, bidimensional tiles, and even three dimensional DNA graphs processing.

On April 28, 2004, Ehud Shapiro and researchers at the Weizmann Institute announced in the journal Nature that they had constructed a DNA computer. This was coupled with an input and output module and is capable of diagnosing cancerous activity within a cell, and then releasing an anti-cancer drug upon diagnosis.

DNA computing is fundamentally similar to parallel computing in that it takes advantage of the many different molecules of DNA to try many different possibilities at once.

For certain specialized problems, DNA computers are faster and smaller than any other computer built so far. But DNA computing does not provide any new capabilities from the standpoint of computational complexity theory, the study of which computational problems are difficult. For example, problems which grow exponentially with the size of the problem (EXPSPACE problems) on von Neumann machines still grow exponentially with the size of the problem on DNA machines. For very large EXPSPACE problems, the amount of DNA required is too large to be practical. (Quantum computing, on the other hand, does provide some interesting new capabilities).

In the broadest sense, remote sensing is the measurement or acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon, by a recording device that is not in physical or intimate contact with the object. In practice, remote sensing is the utilization at a distance (as from aircraft, spacecraft, satellite, or ship) of any device for gathering information about the environment. Thus an aircraft taking photographs, Earth observation and Weather satellites, monitoring of a fetus in the womb via ultrasound, and space probes are all examples of remote sensing. In modern usage, the term generally refers to techniques involving the use of instruments aboard aircraft and spacecraft rather than other fields which are considered to be under medical imaging or photogrammetry.

While all astronomy could be considered remote sensing (in fact, extremely remote sensing) the term “remote sensing” is normally only applied to terrestrial observations.

The world of science and engineering is filled with signals: images from remote space probes, voltages generated by the heart and brain, radar and sonar echoes, seismic vibrations, and countless other applications. Digital Signal Processing is the science of using computers to understand these types of data. This includes a wide variety of goals: filtering, speech recognition, image enhancement, data compression, neural networks, and much more. DSP is one of the most powerful technologies that will shape science and engineering in the twenty-first century.

Bluetooth is a radio standard primarily designed for low power consumption, with a short range (power class dependent: 1 meter, 10 meters, 100 meters) and with a low-cost transceiver microchip in each device.

Bluetooth lets these devices communicate with each other when they come in range, even if they are not in the same room, as long as they are within up to 100 meters of each other, dependent on the power class of the product.:

Bluetooth is an industrial specification for wireless personal area networks (PANs), also known as IEEE 802.15.1. Bluetooth provides a way to connect and exchange information between devices like personal digital assistants (PDAs), mobile phones, laptops, PCs, printers and digital cameras via a secure, low-cost, globally available short range radio frequency.

The name Bluetooth was born from the 10th century king of Denmark, King Harold Bluetooth (whose surname is sometimes written as Bluetooh), who engaged in diplomacy which led warring parties to negotiate with each other. The inventors of the Bluetooth technology thought this a fitting name for their technology which allowed different devices to talk to each other

Bluetooth applications
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* Wireless networking between desktops and laptops, or desktops in a confined space and where little bandwidth is required
* Bluetooth peripherals such as printers, mice, keyboards and digital pens.
* Bluetooth cell phones have been sold in large numbers, and are able to connect to computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), certain automobile handsfree systems and various other devices. The standard also includes support for more powerful, longer-range devices suitable for constructing wireless LANs.
* Transfer of files (images, mp3s, etc) between mobile phones, Personal digital assistants (PDAs) and computers via OBEX
* Certain mp3 players and digital cameras to transfer files to and from computers
* Bluetooth headsets for mobile phones and smartphones
* Some testing equipment is Bluetooth enabled
* Some medical applications are under development
* Certain GPS receivers transfer NMEA data via Bluetooth
* Bluetooth car kits — In 2002 Audi, with the Audi A8, was the first motor vehicle manufacturer to install Bluetooth technology in a car, enabling the passenger to use a wireless in-car phone. Later, BMW added it as an option on its 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series and X5 vehicles. Since then, other manufacturers have followed suit, with many vehicles, including the 2004 Toyota Prius and the 2004 Lexus LS 430. The Bluetooth car kits allow users with Bluetooth-equipped cell phones to make use of some of the phone’s features, such as making calls, while the phone itself can be left in a suitcase or in the boot/trunk, for instance. Companies like Parrot or Motorola manufacture Bluetooth hands-free car kits for well-known brand car manufacturers.
* Certain data logging equipment transmits data to a computer via Bluetooth.
* For remote controls where infrared was traditionally used.
* Hearing aids — Starkey Laboratories have created a device to plug into some hearing aids [2]
* A number of unscrupulous advertising firms in the greater Los Angeles area debuted Bluetooth-enabled billboards along roads and highways, broadcasting advertisements to passing motorists’ Bluetooth-enabled cellular phones or PDAs, much to the motorists’ annoyance. [3]
* Nintendo’s Wii and Sony’s Playstation 3 will use Bluetooth technology for its wireless controllers. Also Hip Gear has already released a Bluetooth controller for the Xbox.
* Newer model Zoll Defibrilators for the purpose of transmitting Defibrilation Data and Patient Monitoring/ECG data between the unit and a reporting PC using Zoll Rescue Net software.
* The upcoming LEGO Mindstorms NXT will use Bluetooth as an alternative way to receive programs from the computer.