Engineering Seminar Topics and Seminar Topics

Download Full Article SIMPUTER

        A rapid growth of knowledge can only happen in an environment which admits exchange of thought and information. Indeed, nothing else can explain the astounding progress of science in the last three hundred years. Technology has unfortunately not seen this freedom too often. The solutions to bridging the much hyped and talked about digital divide can come from within the developing world itself Problems of access to telecommunications in the developing world have often paled into insignificance beside those of gaining access to a working computer capable of connecting to the internet. For a vast mass of the rural poor for whom a computer is probably as remote an option as a trip to the moon, the Simputer can well become the power button to prosperity.

        Simputer (Simple Computer) is a low-cost, portable alternative to personal computers. It is pegged as the first of its kind in the world as it promises to ensure that knowledge of English is no longer a barrier to handling a computer. It permits simple and natural, user-friendly interfaces based on sight, touch and audio.

INTRODUCTION

        Even the poorest of the poor will pay for a service, if that service improves in someway their quality of life. Several corporates are now addressing rural markets and they have the need for information and communication infrastructure in remote rural locations. 

For achieving this the Simputer project was conceived during the organization of the Global Village, an International Seminar on Information Technology for Developing Countries, conducted during Bangalore IT.com event in October 1998.[1]

                If the right service is made accessible in the right way information technology can impact the lives of the people all over the world .The Simputer is a low cost portable alternative to PCs, by which the benefits of IT can reach the common man. It has a special role in the third world because it ensures that knowledge of English is no longer a barrier to handling a computer. [1]

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Download Full Article NANOTECHNOLOGY

       Shotgun marriage of Chemistry and engineering is called nanotechnology. Aim of this nanotechnology is to produce self-replicating machinery and self- assembling consumer goods from cheap raw atoms. If we can place atoms on a structure under construction this opens up a realm of super large molecules not found in nature designed by engineers. Ideally programmed nanities, machines with atomic sized components could take any source of e atoms and energy, make copies themselves, then grow things without traditional manufacturing technique and without by products. No waste no side reaction means this technology will be super green.

Introduction

        Computers reproduce information at almost no cost. A push is well underway to invent devices that manufacture at almost no cost, by treating atoms like computers treat bits of information. This would allow automatic construction of consumer goods with out traditional labour, like a Xerox machine produces unlimited copies without a secretary retyping the original information. Electronics is fuelled by miniaturization. Working smaller has led to the tools capable of manipulating individual atoms like the proteins in a potato manipulate the atoms of soil and water to make copies of itself (Drexler, Merkle paraphrased). The secret to self-replication, biological or synthetic, is prefabricated building blocks. Biology uses atoms. Atoms are as new and squeaky clean as the instant they condensed out of pure energy of the Big Bang, come in 92 flavors (elements), each atom is identical (electronically) to any other atom in a flavor and have the remarkable attribute of sticking to each, other.

        The shotgun marriage of chemistry and engineering called “Nanotechnology” is ushering in the era of self-replicating machinery and self-assembling consumer goods made from cheap raw atoms (Drexler, Merkle paraphrased). If we can place atoms on a structure under construction individually, this opens up a realm of super large molecules not found in nature, designed by engineers (adhering to the normal laws of chemistry) Structures, big structures, or microscopic structures and machines could be made of materials with unusual physical properties like carbon in its ultra- strong form, diamond. Ideally, programmed “nanites”, machines with atomic sized components could take any source of required atoms and energy, make copies of themselves, then “grow” things without traditional manufacturing techniques and without by-products. No waste and no side reactions means this tech would be super green Nanites could be programmed and unleashed to clean up existing industrial pollution (and will within two decades).

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Download Full Article SILC

The purpose of this paper is to give short but deep enough introduction to the SILC Protocol. The document describes the purpose of the protocol and how the protocol works in practice.

Chat protocols are very popular on the Internet. They have actually been very popular since the very first chat protocols appeared on the net. The Internet Relay Chat (IRC) was one of the first chat protocols, and quickly gained the status of being the most popular chat on the net. Today, IRC has several competitors from various other so called Instant Messaging (IM) protocols, such as ICQ. However, all of these different chat protocols have something in common; they are all insecure.

The Secure Internet Live Conferencing (SILC) protocol is a new generation chat protocol which provides full featured conferencing services, just like any other contemporary chat protocol provides. In addition, it provides security by encrypting and authenticating the messages in the network. The security has been the primary goal of the SILC protocol and the protocol has been designed from the day one security in mind. All packets and messages travelling in the SILC Network are always encrypted and authenticated. The network topology is also different from for example IRC network. The SILC network topology attempts to be more powerful and scalable than the IRC network. The basic purpose of the SILC protocol is to provide secure conferencing services.   The SILC Protocol have been developed as Open Source project. The protocol specifications are freely available and they have been submitted to the IETF. The very first implementations of the protocol are also already available.

INTRODUCTION

Chat protocols are very popular on the Internet. They have actually been very popular since the very first chat protocols appeared on the net. The Internet Relay Chat (IRC) was one of the first chat protocols, and quickly gained the status of being the most popular chat on the net. Today, IRC has several competitors from various other so called Instant Messaging (IM) protocols, such as ICQ. However, all of these different chat protocols have something in common; they are all insecure.        The security is important feature in applications and protocols in contemporary network environment. The older chat protocols, however have failed to meet the growing security requirements on the Internet. It is not anymore enough to just provide services, like for example chat services. Now, they need to be secure services.

                The Secure Internet Live Conferencing (SILC) protocol is a new generation chat protocol which provides full featured conferencing services, just like any other contemporary chat protocol provides. In addition, it provides security by encrypting and authenticating the messages in the network. The security has been the primary goal of the SILC protocol and the protocol has been designed from the day one security in mind. All packets and messages travelling in the SILC Network are always encrypted and authenticated. The network topology is also different from for example IRC network. The SILC network topology attempts to be more powerful and scalable than the IRC network. The basic purpose of the SILC protocol is to provide secure conferencing services.        The SILC Protocol have been developed as Open Source project. The protocol specifications are freely available and they have been submitted to the IETF. The very first implementations of the protocol are also already available.

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Download Full Article Protein Based-DNA-Computers

        The worlds most advanced super Computer does not require semi-conductor chip. The human brain consists of organic molecules that combine to form a highly sophisticated network able to calculate, perceive, manipulate, self-repair, think and heel. Digital computers can certainly perform calculation much faster and more precisely than humans can, but even simple organisms are superior to computers in the other five domains.

        Computer designers many never be able to design machines having all the faculties of a natural brain, but many of us think that we can exploit some special properties of biological molecules - particularly proteins - to build Computer components that are smaller, faster and more powerful than any other electronic device on the drawing board thus for.

        The size issue is especially pressing since the 1960’s the Computer industry has been compelled to make the individual components on semiconductor chips smaller and smaller in order to manufacture larger memories and more powerful processors economically. If the trend towards miniaturisation continuous the size of a single large gate will approach the size of molecules by about 2030. But unfortunately for each factor of two in miniaturisation the cost of manufacturing a chip increases by five. On the other hand the use of biological molecules as active components in Computer circuitry may offer an alternative approach that is more economical. Devices fabricated from biological molecules promises compact size and faster data storage. They lend themselves to use in parallel processing computers, three dimensional memories and neural networks.

INTRODUCTION

        Biomolecular electronics offer significant promise in addressing some of the interest limitations of semi conductor architectures. Molecular electronics is an emerging field that lies at the interface of chemical physics, bio physics, electrical engineering and physics, bio physics, electrical engineering and solid state science. It involves the encoding manipulation and retrieval of information at a macromolecular level in contrast to current techniques.

     Molecular electronics not only represents the final technological state in the miniaturisation of the Computer circuitry, it also provides promising new methodologies for high speed signal processing, holographic associative memories and three dimensional optical memories.

        As mentioned earlier the computer industries are on the process of making the individual components on semi conductor devices competitively smaller. These small chips essentially consists of arrays of switches usually of the kind known as logic gates that flip between two states designated as ‘0’ and ‘1’ in response to the changes in electric currents passing through them.

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