Engineering Seminar Topics and Seminar Topics

Download Full Article QUANTUM TELEPORTATION

       Teleportation is the name given by the science fiction writers to the feat of making an object or person disintegrate in one place while the exact replica appears somewhere else. How this is accomplished is usually not explained in detail, but the general idea seems to be that the original object is scanned in such away as to extract all the information from it, then this information is transmitted to the receiving location and used to construct the replica , not necessarily from the actual material of the original, but perhaps from atoms of same kinds , arranged in exactly the same pattern as the original. A teleportation machine would look like a fax machine, except that it would work on both 3-dimensional objects as well as documents, it would produce an exact copy rather than approximate facsimile, and it would destroy the original in the process of scanning it. A few science fiction writers consider teleporters that preserve the original, and the plot gets complicated when the original and teleported versions of same person meet; but the more common kind of teleporter destroys the original, functioning as a super transportation device, not as a perfect replicator of souls and bodies.

INTRODUCTION

        Ever since the wheel was invented more than 5,000 years ago, people have been inventing new ways to travel faster from one point to another. The chariot, bicycle, automobile, airplane and rocket have all been invented to decrease the amount of time we spend getting to our desired destinations. Yet each of these forms of transportation share the same flaw: They require us to cross a physical distance, which can take anywhere from minutes to many hours depending on the starting and ending points. There are scientists working right now on such a method of travel, combining properties of telecommunications and transportation to achieve a system called teleportation.

        Teleportation Technology is the 21st century alternative to travel. It can save your organization time and money and enhance your internal and external communication network.

        Our systems are very simple to use. All you have to do is click to connect and you can appear within a 3-dimensional setting in a chair or behind a lectern on the other side of the world - almost instantly. Our products are designed so that the technology is invisible. This means you always concentrate on the person or people you are talking with and not the technology.

        Teleportec is developing a global network of teleportation facilities, which will include most major world cities during 2002. Organizations from across the world have been attracted by the immediate savings and improved communication that our technology can bring to their organization.

        For natural high quality, distance communication there is no substitute. It really is the closest thing to being there. To find out how Teleportec can revolutionize the way your organization communicates and reduce your travel and expenses costs.

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Download Full Article QUANTUM CRYPTOLOGY

    Quantum cryptography uses our current knowledge of physics to develop a cryptosystem that is not able to be defeated. One that is completely secure against being compromised without knowledge of the sender or the receiver of the message.

        Quantum cryptography is different from the traditional cryptographic system in that it relies more on physics, rather than mathematics, as a key aspect of its security model. In classical cryptography an absolute security of the information cannot be guarented. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the quantum entanglement can be exploited in a system of secure communication. Quantum cryptography provides  a means for two parties to exchange a enciphering key over a private channel with complete security of communication. This was first suggested by S.Wiesner and C.Bennet to use quantum mechanics to  achieve provably secure key distribution.

INTRODUCTION

        During   the 20th century and a  half, the contest between code makers  and    code   breakers   has   undergone   reversals    and complications.   An unbreakable cipher was   invented in   1918, although its unbreakability was not proved until the 1940s. This cipher was rather impractical because it required the sender and receiver to agree beforehand on a key - a large stockpile of secret random    digits, some of which were used up each time a secret message   was   transmitted.   More   practical ciphers with short, reusable keys, or no secret key at all, were developed in the 1970s, but to this day they remain in a mathematical limbo, having neither been broken nor proved secure. A recent unexpected development is the    use of quantum  mechanics to perform cryptographic feats unachievable by mathematics alone. Quantum cryptographic devices typically employ individual photons of light and take advantage of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, according to which measuring a quantum system in general disturbs it and yields incomplete information about its state before the measurement. Eavesdropping on a quantum communications channel therefore causes an unavoidable disturbance, alerting the legitimate users. Quantum cryptography exploits this effect to allow two parties who have never met and who share no secret information beforehand to communicate in absolute secrecy under the nose of an adversary.

Introduction to Quantum Computer?

    Behold your computer.  Your computer represents the culmination of years of technological advancements beginning with the early ideas of Charles Babbage (1791-1871) and eventual creation of the first computer by German engineer Konrad Zuse in 1941.  Surprisingly however, the high speed modern computer sitting in front of you is fundamentally no different from its gargantuan 30 ton ancestors, which were equipped with some 18000 vacuum tubes and 500 miles of wiring!  Although computers have become more compact and considerably faster in performing their task, the task remains the same: to manipulate and interpret an encoding of binary bits into a useful computational result.  A bit is a fundamental unit of information, classically represented as a 0 or 1 in your digital computer.  Each classical bit is physically realized through a macroscopic physical system, such as the magnetization on a hard disk or the charge on a capacitor.  A document, for example, comprised of n-characters stored on the hard drive of a typical computer is accordingly described by a string of 8n zeros and ones.  Herein lies a key difference between your classical computer and a quantum computer.  Where a classical computer obeys the well understood laws of classical physics, a quantum computer is a device that harnesses physical phenomenon unique to quantum mechanics (especially quantum interference) to realize a fundamentally new mode of information processing.

        In a quantum computer, the fundamental unit of information (called a quantum bit or qubit), is not binary but rather more quaternary in nature.  This qubit property arises as a direct consequence of its adherence to the laws of quantum mechanics which differ radically from the laws of classical physics.  A qubit can exist not only in a state corresponding to the logical state 0 or 1 as in a classical bit, but also in states corresponding to a blend or superposition of these classical states.  In other words, a qubit can exist as a zero, a one, or simultaneously as both 0 and 1, with a numerical coefficient representing the probability for each state.  This may seem counterintuitive because everyday phenomenon is governed by classical physics, not quantum mechanics — which takes over at the atomic level.  This rather difficult concept is perhaps best explained through an experiment.

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Download Full Article SIMPUTER

        A rapid growth of knowledge can only happen in an environment which admits exchange of thought and information. Indeed, nothing else can explain the astounding progress of science in the last three hundred years. Technology has unfortunately not seen this freedom too often. The solutions to bridging the much hyped and talked about digital divide can come from within the developing world itself Problems of access to telecommunications in the developing world have often paled into insignificance beside those of gaining access to a working computer capable of connecting to the internet. For a vast mass of the rural poor for whom a computer is probably as remote an option as a trip to the moon, the Simputer can well become the power button to prosperity.

        Simputer (Simple Computer) is a low-cost, portable alternative to personal computers. It is pegged as the first of its kind in the world as it promises to ensure that knowledge of English is no longer a barrier to handling a computer. It permits simple and natural, user-friendly interfaces based on sight, touch and audio.

INTRODUCTION

        Even the poorest of the poor will pay for a service, if that service improves in someway their quality of life. Several corporates are now addressing rural markets and they have the need for information and communication infrastructure in remote rural locations. 

For achieving this the Simputer project was conceived during the organization of the Global Village, an International Seminar on Information Technology for Developing Countries, conducted during Bangalore IT.com event in October 1998.[1]

                If the right service is made accessible in the right way information technology can impact the lives of the people all over the world .The Simputer is a low cost portable alternative to PCs, by which the benefits of IT can reach the common man. It has a special role in the third world because it ensures that knowledge of English is no longer a barrier to handling a computer. [1]

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Download Full Article NANOTECHNOLOGY

       Shotgun marriage of Chemistry and engineering is called nanotechnology. Aim of this nanotechnology is to produce self-replicating machinery and self- assembling consumer goods from cheap raw atoms. If we can place atoms on a structure under construction this opens up a realm of super large molecules not found in nature designed by engineers. Ideally programmed nanities, machines with atomic sized components could take any source of e atoms and energy, make copies themselves, then grow things without traditional manufacturing technique and without by products. No waste no side reaction means this technology will be super green.

Introduction

        Computers reproduce information at almost no cost. A push is well underway to invent devices that manufacture at almost no cost, by treating atoms like computers treat bits of information. This would allow automatic construction of consumer goods with out traditional labour, like a Xerox machine produces unlimited copies without a secretary retyping the original information. Electronics is fuelled by miniaturization. Working smaller has led to the tools capable of manipulating individual atoms like the proteins in a potato manipulate the atoms of soil and water to make copies of itself (Drexler, Merkle paraphrased). The secret to self-replication, biological or synthetic, is prefabricated building blocks. Biology uses atoms. Atoms are as new and squeaky clean as the instant they condensed out of pure energy of the Big Bang, come in 92 flavors (elements), each atom is identical (electronically) to any other atom in a flavor and have the remarkable attribute of sticking to each, other.

        The shotgun marriage of chemistry and engineering called “Nanotechnology” is ushering in the era of self-replicating machinery and self-assembling consumer goods made from cheap raw atoms (Drexler, Merkle paraphrased). If we can place atoms on a structure under construction individually, this opens up a realm of super large molecules not found in nature, designed by engineers (adhering to the normal laws of chemistry) Structures, big structures, or microscopic structures and machines could be made of materials with unusual physical properties like carbon in its ultra- strong form, diamond. Ideally, programmed “nanites”, machines with atomic sized components could take any source of required atoms and energy, make copies of themselves, then “grow” things without traditional manufacturing techniques and without by-products. No waste and no side reactions means this tech would be super green Nanites could be programmed and unleashed to clean up existing industrial pollution (and will within two decades).

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Download Full Article SILC

The purpose of this paper is to give short but deep enough introduction to the SILC Protocol. The document describes the purpose of the protocol and how the protocol works in practice.

Chat protocols are very popular on the Internet. They have actually been very popular since the very first chat protocols appeared on the net. The Internet Relay Chat (IRC) was one of the first chat protocols, and quickly gained the status of being the most popular chat on the net. Today, IRC has several competitors from various other so called Instant Messaging (IM) protocols, such as ICQ. However, all of these different chat protocols have something in common; they are all insecure.

The Secure Internet Live Conferencing (SILC) protocol is a new generation chat protocol which provides full featured conferencing services, just like any other contemporary chat protocol provides. In addition, it provides security by encrypting and authenticating the messages in the network. The security has been the primary goal of the SILC protocol and the protocol has been designed from the day one security in mind. All packets and messages travelling in the SILC Network are always encrypted and authenticated. The network topology is also different from for example IRC network. The SILC network topology attempts to be more powerful and scalable than the IRC network. The basic purpose of the SILC protocol is to provide secure conferencing services.   The SILC Protocol have been developed as Open Source project. The protocol specifications are freely available and they have been submitted to the IETF. The very first implementations of the protocol are also already available.

INTRODUCTION

Chat protocols are very popular on the Internet. They have actually been very popular since the very first chat protocols appeared on the net. The Internet Relay Chat (IRC) was one of the first chat protocols, and quickly gained the status of being the most popular chat on the net. Today, IRC has several competitors from various other so called Instant Messaging (IM) protocols, such as ICQ. However, all of these different chat protocols have something in common; they are all insecure.        The security is important feature in applications and protocols in contemporary network environment. The older chat protocols, however have failed to meet the growing security requirements on the Internet. It is not anymore enough to just provide services, like for example chat services. Now, they need to be secure services.

                The Secure Internet Live Conferencing (SILC) protocol is a new generation chat protocol which provides full featured conferencing services, just like any other contemporary chat protocol provides. In addition, it provides security by encrypting and authenticating the messages in the network. The security has been the primary goal of the SILC protocol and the protocol has been designed from the day one security in mind. All packets and messages travelling in the SILC Network are always encrypted and authenticated. The network topology is also different from for example IRC network. The SILC network topology attempts to be more powerful and scalable than the IRC network. The basic purpose of the SILC protocol is to provide secure conferencing services.        The SILC Protocol have been developed as Open Source project. The protocol specifications are freely available and they have been submitted to the IETF. The very first implementations of the protocol are also already available.

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